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In this article I'm just going to cover the basics
of what a network is and the types of networks. I'll go into more detail in
later articles. A network is simply a
means for computers to speak to each other, or communicate with each other. With
a network, computers can receive emails from each other, send files to each
other, instant message each other and a variety of other things. This is
something that we take for granted today but there was a time when networks were
not so sophisticated and not all that efficient either.
There are basically two types of networks.
The simplest network is a LAN or Local Area
Network. This is where all the computers in the network are located in one place
such as an office building. Within this type of network you have 2 ways to
connect.
The simplest way is peer to peer. This is where
2 or more computers are hooked up directly to each other. In other words if you
have 5 computers you would have computer 1 hooked into computer 2 which would be
hooked into computer 3 and so on. In this type of connection each computer is
dependent on the other. So if computer 3 would go down then computers 1 and 2
would not be able to communicate or exchange information with computers 4 and 5
and visa versa. That is the main problem with a peer to peer network. Also in
peer to peer networks the write process between computers leads to data
corruption problems. This is not something they teach you in school but
something you learn from experience.
The more common type of LAN connection is
client server. This is where all the computers in the network are connected to
each other via a central computer. This kind of connection does require more
work in set up but is more efficient, carries data better and if one computer
goes down the others aren't affected. However, should the server go down then
all the computers on the network would be affected as far as their ability to
get information from the other computers and the server itself. They, however,
would still be able to do work locally on their own such as with a word
processing program, unless the word processing program was located on the
server. Then it would not be available. Usually, however, most applications are
installed on each computer. What is most commonly lost when a server goes down
is the ability to retrieve data that is common to everyone in the network, say
an in house database of all employees.
The second type of network is a WAN or wide
area network. This is where several LAN networks or even single computers are
connected to a much larger network. A perfect example of a WAN is the Internet.
This is where users from all over the world can interact with each other through
email, chat rooms and instant messaging. WANs are enormous to say the least and
are very intricate in their design, requiring hubs from all over the world to
stay connected. One hub goes down and it can affect connections for millions of
people though there are protocols instituted to reroute connections if a hub
does go down.
The above is a very simplified overview of
computer networks. In future articles I'll go into detail on the hardware and
software required to set up these networks and some of the finer points. Stay
tuned.
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